Evolution of the primate lentiviruses: evidence from vpx and vpr.
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Diversity and Evolution of Primate Lentiviruses
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and -2) together with the simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) comprise the primate lentivirus family. Since the isolation of the first SIV in 1985 [15], our knowledge of the diversity of these primate lentiviruses has continuously developed by the isolation and characterization of new SIV strains from additional species of African simians. It is now c...
متن کاملThe ability of primate lentiviruses to degrade the monocyte restriction factor SAMHD1 preceded the birth of the viral accessory protein Vpx.
The human SAMHD1 protein potently restricts lentiviral infection in dendritic cells and monocyte/macrophages but is antagonized by the primate lentiviral protein Vpx, which targets SAMHD1 for degradation. However, only two of eight primate lentivirus lineages encode Vpx, whereas its paralog, Vpr, is conserved across all extant primate lentiviruses. We find that not only multiple Vpx but also so...
متن کاملEvolutionary Toggling of Vpx/Vpr Specificity Results in Divergent Recognition of the Restriction Factor SAMHD1
SAMHD1 is a host restriction factor that blocks the ability of lentiviruses such as HIV-1 to undergo reverse transcription in myeloid cells and resting T-cells. This restriction is alleviated by expression of the lentiviral accessory proteins Vpx and Vpr (Vpx/Vpr), which target SAMHD1 for proteasome-mediated degradation. However, the precise determinants within SAMHD1 for recognition by Vpx/Vpr...
متن کاملPhylogenetic Insights into the Functional Relationship between Primate Lentiviral Reverse Transcriptase and Accessory Proteins Vpx/Vpr
The efficiency of reverse transcription to synthesize viral DNA in infected cells greatly influences replication kinetics of retroviruses. However, viral replication in non-dividing cells such as resting T cells and terminally differentiated macrophages is potently and kinetically restricted by a host antiviral factor designated SAMHD1 (sterile alpha motif and HD-domain containing protein 1). S...
متن کاملExpression Profiles of Vpx/Vpr Proteins Are Co-related with the Primate Lentiviral Lineage
Viruses of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and some simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) lineages carry a unique accessory protein called Vpx. Vpx is essential or critical for viral replication in natural target cells such as macrophages and T lymphocytes. We have previously shown that a poly-proline motif (PPM) located at the C-terminal region of Vpx is required for its efficient ex...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The EMBO Journal
سال: 1992
ISSN: 0261-4189
DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05419.x